Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | What is it?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness. At times it can be very bothersome, particularly when it comes to getting a good nights sleep. Read on to learn about what CTS is and how it is diagnosed. In the second part of this blog series, we will cover treatment options for CTS.
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the neck, into the forearm and palm of the hand, becomes compressed within the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway formed by bones and ligaments at the base of the hand. The median nerve controls sensation to the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring fingers. It also helps in the movement of the muscles at the base of the thumb. When this nerve is compressed, it leads to a range of symptoms, including:
- Numbness and tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers
- Pain in the wrist, hand, occasionally extending into the forearm
- Weakness in the hand, making it difficult to grip objects or perform fine motor tasks
- Nocturnal symptoms the pain and tingling/numbness is often experienced during the night
What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
CTS can be caused many different factors. These are outlined below. Each of these may increase pressure within the carpal tunnel and compress the median nerve.
1. Repetitive Movements
- Activities that involve repetitive wrist movements, such as typing, using a mouse, or assembly line work, can contribute to swelling of the tendons or thickening of the transverse carpal ligament. Over time, this leads to compression of the median nerve.
2. Biomechanical Factors
- Abnormal wrist postures, such as prolonged wrist flexion, extension, or deviated angles, may lead to increased pressure on the median nerve.
- Poor ergonomics, such as improper desk height or wrist position during typing, can be significant contributors.
3. Medical Conditions
- Certain conditions, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypothyroidism, can predispose individuals to CTS.
4. Trauma and Injury
- Direct trauma, such as fractures or sprains to the wrist, can lead to swelling or scarring, narrowing the carpal tunnel and putting pressure on the median nerve.
5. Genetics
- Anatomical differences, such as a smaller carpal tunnel, can be inherited and predispose individuals to CTS. Women are more likely to develop CTS than men, potentially due to a naturally narrower carpal tunnel.
6. Pregnancy
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy can lead to fluid retention, which increases pressure in the carpal tunnel, especially in the third trimester.
Diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
A diagnosis of CTS is typically based on a combination of the history of onset and a physical examination by a physiotherapist or doctor. Usually the condition is quite obvious, however sometimes it is helpful to have the diagnosis confirmed by either nerve conduction studies (NCS) or electromyography (EMG). These tests will help to differentiate CTS from other possible causes. An MRI of the neck may also be helpful to differentiate CTS from similar symptoms from a ‘trapped nerve’ in the neck.
I think I’ve got CTS…help!
The good news is, that as unpleasant as carpal tunnel syndrome sounds, there’s actually a lot that can be done about it. Follow this link to read about physiotherapy and other treatment options for CTS.
Appropriate treatment always starts with an accurate diagnosis. Click here or call our friendly reception team on 0114 2678181 to book an assessment with one of our experienced physiotherapists.
